農林中金総合研究所

EUの環境戦略を契機として３年間にわたり農政グリーン化の国際的な動向に関する調査研究を行った。対象国・地域は欧米（EU・スイス・米国）、中国、日本である。
日本以外の特徴は、環境規制の強化と既存の直接支払制度および要件のグリーン化によって環境保全を行う欧州と、農業環境支払いの財源拡充とバイオ燃料の拡大によって気候変動対策を行う米国、そして農業者の経済的誘因が働きやすい資源利用の効率化によって環境対策や温室効果ガス（GHG）抑制と食料安全保障の両立を目指す中国、と整理できる。
それに対して日本のみどり戦略は①生産力と技術開発の重視、②長期ロードマップ、当初戦略による取組みの継続、そして③対象の広範なクロスコンプライアンスを導入し、水準の引上げを予定している点が特色である。また、日本は農地が不足し財政枠も限られていることが農業環境施策の制約となっている。環境対策と食料安全保障の両立は欧州と中国でも強く意識されており、今後の展開が期待される。

Prompted by the EU’s environmental strategy, a three-year research project was conducted into international trends in the ‘greening’ of agricultural policy. The countries and regions covered were Europe(the EU and Switzerland), the US, China and Japan.
The characteristics of these regions, apart from Japan, can be summarised as follows: Europe, which promotes environmental conservation through the tightening of environmental regulations and the ‘greening’ of existing direct payment schemes and their requirements; the United States, which addresses climate change by expanding the funding resources for agri-environmental payments and enhancing biofuel use; and China, which aims to reconcile environmental measures, GHG reduction and food security through the efficient use of resources, a approach that is particularly responsive to economic incentives for farmers.
In contrast, Japan’s 'Midori'(Green) Strategy is characterised by: (1) an emphasis on productivity and technological development; (2) a long-term roadmap and the continuation of initiatives under the original strategy; and (3) the introduction of a broad-based cross-compliance system, with plans to raise standards. Furthermore, a shortage of agricultural land and limited fiscal resources act as constraints on agri-environmental measures. The need to balance environmental measures with food security is also a key concern in Europe and China, and further developments in this area are anticipated.